Omics Analyses of Intestinal Microbiota and Hypothalamus Clock Genes in Circadian Disturbance Model Mice Fed with Green Tea Polyphenols

Green tea polyphenols (GTP) have similar activities as prebiotics, which effectively regulate the structure of intestinal flora and affect their metabolic pathways. The intestinal flora is closely related to the host’s circadian rhythm, and the supplementation with GTP may be an effective way to improve circadian rhythm disorders. In this study, we established a mouse model of circadian rhythm disturbance of anthropogenic flora to investigate the regulation mechanism of GTP on the host circadian rhythms. After 4 weeks of GTP administration, the results showed that GTP significantly alleviated the structural disorder of intestinal microbiota, thus effectively regulating related metabolites associated with brain nerves and circadian rhythms. Moreover, single-cell transcription of the mouse hypothalamus suggested that GTP up-regulated the number of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and adjusted the expression of core clock genes Csnk1d, Clock, Per3, Cry2, and BhIhe41 caused by circadian disruption. Therefore, this study provided evidence that GTP can improve the physiological health of hosts with the circadian disorder by positively affecting intestinal flora and related metabolites and regulating circadian gene expression.