Abstract The spatial distribution of Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ in each particle of Ce 2 Zr 2 O x in a three‐way conversion catalyst system was successfully imaged during an oxygen storage/release cycle by scanning X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) using hard X‐ray nanobeams. For the first time, nano‐XAFS imaging visualized and identified the modes of non‐uniform oxygen diffusion from the interface of Pt catalyst and Ce 2 Zr 2 O x support and the active parts in individual catalyst particles.