Abstract The spatial distribution of Ce3+ and Ce4+ in each particle of Ce2Zr2Ox in a three‐way conversion catalyst system was successfully imaged during an oxygen storage/release cycle by scanning X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) using hard X‐ray nanobeams. For the first time, nano‐XAFS imaging visualized and identified the modes of non‐uniform oxygen diffusion from the interface of Pt catalyst and Ce2Zr2Ox support and the active parts in individual catalyst particles.