假尿苷
核糖核酸
信使核糖核酸
转移RNA
RNA编辑
翻译(生物学)
计算生物学
核酸结构
生物
蛋白质生物合成
非翻译区
非编码RNA
核糖体RNA
转录后修饰
核糖开关
遗传学
基因
作者
Thomas Philipp Hoernes,Matthias David Erlacher
摘要
RNA modifications are indispensable for the translation machinery to provide accurate and efficient protein synthesis. Whereas the importance of transfer RNA ( tRNA ) and ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ) modifications has been well described and is unquestioned for decades, the significance of internal messenger RNA ( mRNA ) modifications has only recently been revealed. Novel experimental methods have enabled the identification of thousands of modified sites within the untranslated and translated regions of mRNAs . Thus far, N 6 ‐methyladenosine (m 6 A), pseudouridine (Ψ), 5‐methylcytosine (m 5 C) and N 1 ‐methyladenosine (m 1 A) were identified in eukaryal, and to some extent in prokaryal mRNAs. Several of the functions of these mRNA modifications have previously been reported, but many aspects remain elusive. Modifications can be important factors for the direct regulation of protein synthesis. The potential diversification of genomic information and regulation of RNA expression through editing and modifying mRNAs is versatile and many questions need to be addressed to completely elucidate the role of mRNA modifications. Herein, we summarize and highlight some recent findings on various co‐ and post‐transcriptional modifications, describing the impact of these processes on gene expression, with emphasis on protein synthesis. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1375. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1375 This article is categorized under: RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry Translation > Translation Mechanisms RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
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