Total Synthesis of Capsaicin Analogues from Lignin-Derived Compounds by Combined Heterogeneous Metal, Organocatalytic and Enzymatic Cascades in One Pot

Abstract The total synthesis of capsaicin analogues was performed in one pot, starting from compounds that can be derived from lignin. Heterogeneous palladium nanoparticles were used to oxidise alcohols to aldehydes, which were further converted to amines by an enzyme cascade system, including an amine transaminase. It was shown that the palladium catalyst and the enzyme cascade system could be successfully combined in the same pot for conversion of alcohols to amines without any purification of intermediates. The intermediate vanillylamine, prepared with the enzyme cascade system, could be further converted to capsaicin analogues without any purification using either fatty acids and a lipase, or Schotten–Baumann conditions, in the same pot. An aldol compound (a simple lignin model) could also be used as starting material for the synthesis of capsaicin analogues. Using L ‐alanine as organocatalyst, vanillin could be obtained by a retro‐aldol reaction. This could be combined with the enzyme cascade system to convert the aldol compound to vanillylamine in a one‐step one‐pot reaction. magnified image