Objective To compare the effects of Rui Fentanyl and Fentanyl on cognitive functionsfor elderly patients after surgery. Methods 84 cases undergoing non-cardiac selective operation between January,2013 and October,2014 in our hospital were selected as the research object.The patients received surgery under general anesthesia and were randomly divided into Rui Fentanyl group and Fentanyl group. The Rui Fentanyl group adopted the target controlled injection with Rui Fentanyl with propofol and the Fentanyl group was for Fentanyl with propofol. The postoperative eye-open time,extubation time and language awakening and response time were compared in the two groups. The simple mental state survey scale( MMSE) was used to evaluate cognitive situation of the two groups at 6 h before operation and 2 h,4 h and 6 h after operation.Results The eye-open time,extubation time and language awakening and response time in the Rui Fentanyl group were much shorter than those in the Fentanyl group( P 0. 05) and had statistical difference.The MMSE scores of the two groups on 2 h after operation significantly reduced than before,but the MMSE scores of the Rui Fentanyl group at 2 h,4 h and 6 h after operation were higher than those of the Fentanyl group( P0.05) and had great statistical significance.Conclusions The Rui Fentanyl and Fentanyl can cause postoperative cognitive dysfunction for elderly patients,but the Rui Fentanyl has weaker effects than the Fentanyl group. The postoperative open-eye time and revival time were shorter.