Objective To analyze the gastroscope examination, two biopsy pathological and immunohistochemical data to understand the immunohistochemical pathological diagnosis of gastroscope biopsy role. Methods A retrospective analysis of 540 patients undergoing gastroscopy were divided into routine pathological examination and immunohistochemical study group, compared the number of confirmed diagnosis. Results The diagnosis in each data initial examination immunohistochemistry was larger than the routine pathological examination, diagnosis of immunity in the two examination group was more obvious. Conclusion The use of immunohistochemistry can significantly improve the pathologic diagnosis of the initial inspection and two biopsy rate.