Antimicrobial peptides( AMPs) are a series of short peptides with antibacterial activity against foreign pathogens,which are widely distributed in organisms. AMPs,owning advantages such as wide spectrum antimicrobial properties and little probability to cause pathogens' drug-resistance,can significantly improve the animal and plant disease resistance. In the present report,we summarize the biological characteristics,classification and action mechanism of antimicrobial peptides,intensively review the research progress of antimicrobial peptides from several different sources in the prevention and control of rice bacterial blight,blast and sheath blight,and raise the existing problems and future development proposals.