Are Topical Estrogens Effective for Skin Aging

Aging of the skin is caused by a combination of genetic factors (natural aging) and excessive sun exposure (photoaging). Natural aging appears as fine wrinkles, skin laxity, and sagging; photoaging produces coarse wrinkles. Both processes result, at least in part, from declines in types I and III collagen in the dermis. Topical medications that could restore the youthful appearance of skin are of great …