Hydrous manganese dioxide modified poly(sodium acrylate) hydrogel composite as a novel adsorbent for enhanced removal of tetracycline and lead from water

Abstract In this study, hydrous manganese dioxide (HMO) modified poly(sodium acrylate) (PSA) hydrogel was produced for the first time to remove tetracycline(TC) and lead(Pb(II)) from water. The as-prepared composite was characterized using various techniques, such as SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD, BET, and XPS, to elucidate the successful loading of HMO and analyze subsequent sorption mechanisms. Different influencing parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial concentration of adsorbates, reaction time, solution pH, and temperature were also investigated. The adsorption kinetic studies of both TC and Pb(II) removal indicated that equilibrium was achieved within 12 h, with respective removal rates of 91.9 and 99.5%, and the corresponding adsorption data were fitted to the second-order kinetics model. According to the adsorption isotherm studies, the sorption data of TC best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model while the adsorption data of Pb(II) were explained by the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities of both TC and Pb(II) were found to be 475.8 and 288.7 mg/g, respectively, demonstrating excellent performances of the adsorbent. The uptake capacity of PSA-HMO was significantly influenced by the level of solution pH, in which optimum adsorption amount was realized at pH 4.0 in the TC and Pb(II) systems, respectively. Thermodynamic studies showed the process of TC and Pb(II) adsorptions were endothermic and spontaneous. Overall this study elucidated that PSA-HMO composite can be a promising candidate for antibiotics and heavy metal removal in water treatment applications.