This article critically examines the role played by Clean Development Mechanism projects for compliance into the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. We highlight risk factors specific to each emissions market - additionality and predictability for CERs, grandfathering, compliance events and banking provisions for EUAs -, as well as common risk factors - the ITL-CITL connection, the role played by the 1.7Gton import limit, and uncertainties concerning future international agreements on climate change.