The effect of focal adhesion kinase gene silencing on 5‐fluorouracil chemosensitivity involves an Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway in colorectal carcinomas

Abstract Multicellular resistance (MCR) is produced because multicellular spheroids (MCSs) are formed with a broad cell–cell connection when cultured in three‐dimensions, which limits the clinical treatment efficacy in solid tumors. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays an important role in apoptosis, survival and cell adhesion between cells and their extracellular matrix. In this study, we investigated the expressions of FAK, Akt and NF‐κB in human colorectal cancer (CRC), and the effects of FAK gene silencing on MCSs formation and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) chemosensitivity in colon carcinoma MCSs culture cells. In CRC samples, FAK, Akt and NF‐κB were overexpressed. The positive expression of FAK correlated notably with lymph node metastasis and cellular differentiation. Positive expressions of Akt and NF‐κB were significantly related to cellular differentiation and lymph node metastasis, respectively. Furthermore, positive expression of FAK correlated with that of Akt and NF‐κB. The expression of FAK was inhibited significantly by a small hairpin RNA targeting FAK. Knockdown of FAK reversed the formation and aggregation of MCSs, significantly decreased the 50% inhibitory concentration of 5‐FU, and markedly increased MCS culture cells apoptosis. These effects were associated with reduced levels of Akt and NF‐κB. These results indicate that suppressing FAK expression potentiated 5‐FU‐induced cytotoxicity and contributed to its chemosensitizing effect by suppressing Akt/NF‐κB signaling in colon carcinoma MCS culture cells. These data also imply that FAK mediates MCR of CRC through the survival signaling pathway FAK/Akt/NF‐κB.