Depressing the irreversible reactions on a three-dimensional interface towards a high-areal capacity lithium metal anode

An ultrathin and conformal ion conductive coating is realized on 3D current collectors for preventing the irreversible reaction between the electrolyte and Li metal, which has been confirmed by in situ optical observation. At the high areal capacity of 10 mA h cm⁻² for the Li metal anode, a stable CE of 98.9% for 800 h can be achieved.