Rewiring Metal-Dependent Cell Death to Unlock Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer

functions as a near-infrared II photothermal transducer and a source of copper and iron ions, inducing concurrent cuproptosis and ferroptosis via ion overload. Decitabine restores gasdermin E expression to couple oxidative stress with caspase-3-mediated pyroptosis, while chlorogenic acid repolarizes tumor-associated macrophages toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. This coordinated multimodal cell-death cascade establishes a self-amplifying immunogenic circuit that suppresses tumor growth, sensitizes CRC to ICB, and elicits systemic antitumor immunity.