Bioconversion properties of the urate-lowering probiotic fermented Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry) and its antihyperuricemic capacity via regulating metabolic/immune pathways and gut microbiota

First, omics confirms metabolite changes after fermentation. In HUA mice, FAR and FARS modulate serum cytokines, suppress TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, and regulate urate-metabolizing factors. Plus, they elevate butyrate via guiding gut bacteria.