Objective Discuss the infection of the composite factor in perioperative period and the clinical significance.Methods Analyze 102 paitents with hypertension before the surgery, 42 with diabetes,38 with coronary heart disease, 18 with severe arrhythmia ,8 with severe pulmonary insufficiency.Results with Preoperative Assessment of 267 old patients, and do some Prophylactic medical treatment ,they all successfully to have an operation, without one have severe complication.Conclusion Preoperative Assessment and intervention of old patients, and do prophylactic treatment, which is much important for improving safety in perioperative period and the success rate of the surgery。