Objective To investigate the community elderly patients with type 2 diabetes self-management situation and analyze its related factors. Methods The clinical data of 262 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were retrospective analyzed, all of them were selected from March 2012 to May 2013 in our hospital, the patients were surveyed with general information questionnaire and the disease related information, type 2 diabetes self-management level scale. Results There were significant difference between different family per capita income and whether on-the-job in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes patients(P 0.05), There were significant difference between with or without family history, presence of complications and complications, smoking, different medication way, different course, whether had accepted diabetes health education and different glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients(P0.05). Management of drugs score in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes was the highest, and blood sugar monitoring score was the lowest. The self management level of No complications, no smoking, diabetes health education and on-the-job of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were higher than complications, smoking, no in patients with diabetes health education and on-the-job, there were significant difference(P0.05). Conclusion Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes self-management level in the medium, to improve, The self-management health education should be more personalized, systematic, make its disease related knowledge and enthusiasm to improve treatment, finally achieve the goal of improve the effect of treatment in patients with.