This paper constructs an innovative Marketization Index which is not only proper for the comprehensive and persistent studies for China's marketization process,but comparable with the international standards for economic freedom,with regard to the current progress and focus tasks of economic transition.Furthermore,with this newly created index as an empirical instrument,this paper makes a comparison of multi-layered characteristics and trends of marketization among thirty Chiness provinces and regions from 2000 to 2005.The main results are useful for more objective evaluation of the current condition of China's economic freedom.