微塑料
生物群
环境科学
塑料污染
营养水平
海洋废弃物
食物链
海洋生态系统
食物网
污染物
环境化学
风化作用
海洋学
海洋污染
污染
生态系统
生态学
地质学
化学
碎片
生物
地貌学
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030
摘要
This review discusses the mechanisms of generation and potential impacts of microplastics in the ocean environment. Weathering degradation of plastics on the beaches results in their surface embrittlement and microcracking, yielding microparticles that are carried into water by wind or wave action. Unlike inorganic fines present in sea water, microplastics concentrate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by partition. The relevant distribution coefficients for common POPs are several orders of magnitude in favour of the plastic medium. Consequently, the microparticles laden with high levels of POPs can be ingested by marine biota. Bioavailability and the efficiency of transfer of the ingested POPs across trophic levels are not known and the potential damage posed by these to the marine ecosystem has yet to be quantified and modelled. Given the increasing levels of plastic pollution of the oceans it is important to better understand the impact of microplastics in the ocean food web.
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