MdMYB44-like positively regulates salt and drought tolerance via the MdPYL8-MdPP2CA module in apple

Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in salt and drought stress responses, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the overexpression of MdMYB44-like , an R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF), significantly increases the salt and drought tolerance of transgenic apple and Arabidopsis. MdMYB44-like inhibits the transcription of MdPP2CA , which encodes a type 2C protein phosphatase that acts as a negative regulator in ABA response, thereby enhancing ABA signaling-mediated salt and drought tolerance. Furthermore, we found that MdMYB44-like and MdPYL8, an ABA receptor, form a protein complex that further enhances the transcriptional inhibition of the MdPP2CA promoter by MdMYB44-like. Significantly, we discovered that MdPP2CA can interfere with the physical association between MdMYB44-like and MdPYL8 in the presence of ABA, partially blocking the inhibitory effect of the MdMYB44-like-MdPYL8 complex on the MdPP2CA promoter. Thus, MdMYB44-like, MdPYL8, and MdPP2CA form a regulatory loop that tightly controls ABA signaling homeostasis under salt and drought stress. Our data revealed a previously unidentified mechanism by which MdMYB44-like precisely modulates ABA-mediated salt and drought tolerance in apple through the MdPYL8-MdPP2CA module.