Neural stem cell-derived exosomes: a cell-free transplant for potential cure of neurological diseases

Degeneration and death of nerve cells are inevitable with the occurrence and progression of nervous system disorders. Researchers transplanted neural stem cells into relevant areas, trying to solve the difficulty of neural cell loss by differentiating neural stem cells into various nerve cells. In recent years, however, studies have shown that transplanted neural stem cells help neural tissues regenerate and return to normal through paracrine action rather than just replacing cells. Exosomes are essential paracrine mediators, which can participate in cell communication through substance transmission. In this regard, this review mainly discusses the current research progress of neural stem cell-derived exosomes. This paper mainly introduces the self-regulation of neural stem cells (NSCs)-derived exosomes on neural stem cells to clarify the role of NSCs-derived exosomes in the nervous system; the therapeutic effect of NSCs-derived exosomes on various neurological diseases; introduces different studies of NSCs-derived exosomes, showing more in-depth research results of NSCs-derived exosomes. It presents some ideas to provide a reference for subsequent research on neural stem cell-derived exosomes.