Lubricant for reducing perineal trauma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Aim To assess the effect of lubricants on reducing perineal trauma during vaginal delivery. Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, WanFang databases, and ClinicalTrials.gov , were searched for literature up to 25 June 2021. Randomized controlled trials published in English or Chinese that compared the vaginal application of lubricant with standard care for women were included. Two reviewers independently performed study screening, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and certainty of evidence assessment. Pooled effect sizes and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using meta‐analysis. Results Nineteen trials enrolling 5445 pregnant women were included. Compared with standard care, women using lubricants had a lower incidence of perineal trauma (risk ratio [RR] 0.84, 95% CI 0.76–0.93; low certainty evidence), second‐degree perineal laceration (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.64–0.82; moderate certainty evidence) and episiotomy (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62–0.96; very low certainty evidence), and had a shorter duration of the second‐stage labor (MD −13.72 min, 95% CI −22.68 to −4.77; very low certainty evidence). Conclusion Lubricants might reduce the incidence of perineal trauma, especially second‐degree perineal laceration, and shorten the duration of the second‐stage labor. More well‐designed studies will continue developing high‐quality evidence in this field.