[Association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the elderly population].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in the elderly population. Methods: A total of 14 355 elderly persons aged ≥65 years, who participated in the annual physical examination in Kailuan Group in 2006 were included in this prospective cohort study. According to HDL-C level, the participants were divided into 4 groups: low-level group (HDL-C<1.30 mmol/L), intermediate-level group (1.30 mmol/L ≤HDL-C≤1.54 mmol/L), medium-high-level group (1.55 mmol/L ≤HDL-C≤1.80 mmol/L), high-level group (HDL-C≥1.81 mmol/L). Baseline data such as age, sex and blood lipid levels were collected and compared. Inpatient medical records and death information were obtained through the social security system, and CVD and all-cause mortality were analyzed. After adjusting for confounding factors, the medium-high-level group was used as the reference group. Cox proportional risk regression model was used to evaluate the impact of HDL-C on CVD and all-cause mortality events. The linear or nonlinear relationship between HDL-C level and CVD and all-cause mortality events was evaluated by restricted cubic spline regression model. Death competitive risk analysis was conducted, and sensitivity analysis was performed after excluding subjects with CVD or all-cause mortality within 1 year of follow-up and female participants. Results: The average age of this cohort was (71.5±5.5) years and follow-up time was (10.9±3.3) years. Compared with medium-high-level group, Cox proportional risk regression analysis showed that the HR (95%CI) of CVD and all-cause mortality in low-level group were 1.21 (1.06-1.38) (P<0.05) and 1.02 (0.95-1.11) (P>0.05), respectively; the HR (95%CI) of CVD events in high-level group was 1.17 (1.03-1.33) (P<0.05), and there was a marginal significant association with all-cause mortality, the HR (95%CI) was 1.07 (1.00-1.16) (0.050.1). Conclusions: In the elderly population, the risk of CVD is lowest when the HDL-C level is 1.55-1.80 mmol/L, either high or low HDL-C is a risk factor for CVD. High HDL-C tends to be related to increased risk of all-cause mortality and low HDL-C is not related to increased risk of all-cause mortality.目的： 探讨高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）与老年人群心血管疾病（CVD）和全因死亡的关系。 方法： 本研究为前瞻性队列研究。选取参加2006年度开滦集团健康体检且年龄≥65岁的老年人作为观察对象。根据HDL-C水平，将观察对象分为4组：低水平组（HDL-C<1.30 mmol/L），中水平组（1.30 mmol/L≤HDL-C≤1.54 mmol/L），中高水平组（1.55 mmol/L≤HDL-C≤1.80 mmol/L），高水平组（HDL-C≥1.81 mmol/L）。收集并比较各组的年龄、性别、血脂水平等基线资料，随访至2019年12月31日，记录终点事件CVD、全因死亡。校正混杂因素后，以中高水平组为对照组，采用Cox比例风险回归模型评估HDL-C对CVD及全因死亡事件的影响；采用限制性立方样条回归模型评估HDL-C水平与CVD及全因死亡之间的线性或非线性关系；进行死亡竞争风险分析，分别去除随访1年内发生CVD或全因死亡事件的观察对象、去除女性观察对象后，进行敏感性分析。 结果： 共纳入观察对象14 355例，年龄（71.5±5.5）岁，男性12 607例（87.8%），随访时间（10.9±3.3年）。Cox比例风险回归模型结果显示，与中高水平组相比，低水平组发生CVD事件HR值（95%CI）为1.21（1.06~1.38）（P<0.05），全因死亡HR值（95%CI）为1.02（0.95~1.11）（P>0.05）；高水平组发生CVD事件HR值（95%CI）为1.17（1.03~1.33）（P<0.05），全因死亡HR值（95%CI）为1.07（1.00~1.16），全因死亡风险有增高的趋势（0.050.1）。 结论： 在老年人群中，HDL-C水平为1.55~1.80 mmol/L时CVD的风险最低，HDL-C过高或过低均是CVD的危险因素，HDL-C过高时全因死亡风险有增高的趋势，未见HDL-C过低致全因死亡的风险增加。.