Recent advances in cellulose-based polymer electrolytes

Gel polymer electrolytes and solid polymer electrolytes are two promising alternatives to substitute separator and liquid electrolyte for a safer and better lithium-based battery. However, low ionic conductivities and poor mechanical properties are still two serious flaws that suppress their commercial applications. Cellulose-based materials have increasingly attracted attention in the development of polymer electrolytes (PEs) owing to their abundant reserves, eco-friendliness and fascinating inherent properties. This review summarizes the structural features, physicochemical characteristics and different kinds of cellulose derivatives, as well as the most recent advances in the field of cellulose-based PEs. Further, diverse manufacturing approaches to obtain PEs and various modification methods to improve the comprehensive performance of PEs are included. Finally, perspectives with regard to the future development of cellulose-based PEs for lithium-based batteries are proposed.