Brønsted acid-promoted ethylene dimerization to 1-butene over Ni-containing zeolite catalysts

The catalyst H–Ni@Y, featuring coordinatively unsaturated Ni species confined at Site II of a Brønsted-acid-rich FAU zeolite, achieves an ethylene dimerization rate of 4.28 × 10 5 h −1 for 1-butene with 83.6% selectivity in a fixed-bed reactor.