Research Progress on Subchorionic Hematoma in Clinical Studies

Subchorionic hematoma (SCH), a common cause of vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, is frequently associated with threatened abortion and preterm labor. It is primarily detected via ultrasonography, with reported incidence rates varying widely across studies (approximately 0.46–48%). With the accelerated pace of modern life, increasing stress, occupational factors, and emotional influences, the prevalence of SCH has risen significantly. The widespread adoption of ultrasound technology has also led to a growing number of asymptomatic SCH cases. Furthermore, the implementation of China’s three-child policy and the rising proportion of pregnancies at advanced maternal age pose additional challenges for the clinical management of SCH. This article systematically reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, pregnancy outcomes, and therapeutic advances in SCH from both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine perspectives, aiming to provide evidence-based insights for clinical research and personalized treatment strategies.