Comparison of Local Heat and Massage on the Outcomes of Venous Cannulation in Hospitalized Children with Difficult Venous Access: A Randomized Controlled Trial

> .05). Applying local heat and massaging the venous cannulation site prior to venous cannulation significantly increases the ease of venous access. However, in a comparison of these two methods, local heat was more effective than massage in reducing perceived pain in children with difficult access. Therefore, using local heat can be recommended as a simple and cost-effective intervention.