Efficient and eco-friendly isolation and purification of lignin from black liquor with choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents

Abstract This study developed an efficient and green method for isolating and purifying lignin from black liquor (BL) using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). After the short and mild process (700 W microwave-assisted, 100 °C, DES: BL 1:5 (v: v), 30 min) using optimized DES (lactic acid (LA): choline chloride (ChCl) 10:1, molar ratio), the yield and purity of lignin obtained from 100 mL BL was 1.58 g and 88.12%, respectively, which was more efficient than the results of 1.18 g and 78.54% of the conventional process. Furthermore, more than 95% of initial results were obtained after three cycles. The composition and structure of DESs and conventionally purified lignin were slightly different. The solvent costs for both processes were also evaluated, showing that the DES process has great potential to replace traditional bulky and environmentally unfriendly procedures for lignin isolation and purification and to help develop new strategies for the potential added value of lignin.