Autoimmune neuro-ophthalmic disorders: pathophysiologic mechanisms and targeted biologic therapies

Biologic therapies represent a significant advancement in autoimmune neuro-ophthalmic disorders, offering targeted approaches with improved efficacy and safety profiles compared to traditional treatments. Ongoing developments in biomarker identification and delivery systems suggest an increasingly personalized approach to treatment. Future advances will likely focus on optimizing patient selection, reducing costs, improving accessibility, and developing novel therapeutic targets.