Adsorption Efficiency and Reusability of Graphene Oxide and Graphene Oxide‐Mt‐Chitosan Composite for Cationic and Anionic Dyes

Abstract In the present study, synthesized graphene oxide and graphene oxide‐montmorillonite‐chitosan (GO‐Mt‐Chitosan) composites were employed for the removal of two commonly used textile dyes: acid orange 10 (AO10) and malachite green oxalate (MG oxalate). The structural characteristics of the synthesized adsorbent were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Various key parameters such as pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, temperature, and adsorbent dose were explored to optimize the adsorption process. The composite demonstrated that maximum adsorption capacity of GO was 345 mg/g for MG oxalate dye and 32 mg/g for AO10 dye, whereas in the case of GO‐Mt‐Chitosan, it was 945 mg/g for MG oxalate dye and 81 mg/g for AO10 dye. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, indicating favorable chemical interactions and monolayer adsorption of the dyes onto GO and GO‐Mt‐Chitosan composite. The thermodynamic studies confirmed the exothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. These results confirmed that GO‐Mt‐Chitosan composite is a promising material for efficiently removing of dyes from contaminated water bodies, offering both sustainable reusability and economic viability in wastewater treatment applications.