Hydroxy Dicarboxylic Acids

Abstract Malic acid and tartaric acid are two hydroxy dicarboxylic acids of commercial significance. Thiomalic acid and derivatives of malic and tartaric acid are discussed briefly. For malic and tartaric acids, physical and chemical properties, manufacturing process, commercial significance, health and safety properties, and primary applications, including food, pharmaceutical, and industrial, are reviewed. The primary chemical reactions are summarized; chelation and corrosion are discussed. The primary chemical reactions are summarized; chelation and corrosion are discussed. The commercial production procedures for malic acid and tartaric acid are summarized. Compendial specifications ( Food Chemicals Codex , National Formulary ) for malic acid and tartaric acid are listed.