摘要
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of various diseases owing to the ease of generating and expanding these cells, the ability to differentiate them into various specialized mesenchymal tissue types and their immunosuppressive properties. However, their immunomodulatory potential remains controversial. This review describes the constitutive and regulated expression of molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen processing machinery (APM), co-stimulatory B7 molecules and HLA-G. Furthermore, this review focuses on the secretion of factors, such as cytokines, in mesenchymal stem cells, their functional role in mounting and controlling immune responses mediated by different immune cell subpopulations, their medical significance, and the obstacles that limit their clinical application. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of various diseases owing to the ease of generating and expanding these cells, the ability to differentiate them into various specialized mesenchymal tissue types and their immunosuppressive properties. However, their immunomodulatory potential remains controversial. This review describes the constitutive and regulated expression of molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen processing machinery (APM), co-stimulatory B7 molecules and HLA-G. Furthermore, this review focuses on the secretion of factors, such as cytokines, in mesenchymal stem cells, their functional role in mounting and controlling immune responses mediated by different immune cell subpopulations, their medical significance, and the obstacles that limit their clinical application. also known as fat cells or lipocytes, adipocytes are differentiated cells specialized in the synthesis and storage of fat. transplantation of cells from different individuals of the same species. a multiprotein complex that includes the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)1/TAP2 dimer, tapasin, the low molecular weight proteins, the MHC class I heavy chain (HC) and β2-microglobulin (β2-m). cells originating from the same individual. cells within cartilage that generate and maintain the cartilage matrix. thin layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of bones (the location of bone marrow). cell cycle phase, in which cells are in a resting state (G0) or are growing and beginning their own duplication (G1). LMP is an IFN-γ-inducible subunit of the multicatalytic proteasome complex. mature bone cells that are responsible for depositing and maintaining the bone matrix, within which they reside. connective tissue cells that support the function of parenchymal cells of organs such as bone marrow, ovary or prostate. Parenchymal cells are those that are characteristic of the organ they compose. is a cofactor localized in the ER, involved in peptide-binding, stabilization of MHC I molecules and their loading with peptides. TAP mediates ATP-dependent transport of peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).