Factors affecting dentists’ intention to adopt artificial intelligence: an extension of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model

Purpose Advancements in science and technology have integrated artificial intelligence (AI) into dentistry, improving treatment processes, operational efficiency, and clinical outcomes. However, AI adoption among dentists remains underexplored, hindering progress in oral healthcare. This study aims to identify key barriers to AI adoption and examine factors influencing dentists’ intention to use AI. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative cross-sectional approach was employed, utilizing self-administered questionnaires distributed online and across various dental clinics and hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. A total of 440 dentists participated in the study. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and SmartPLS. Findings The study found that AI-anxiety negatively affects the intention to adopt AI in dentistry, showing a medium (almost large) effect that is stronger than other UTAUT factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence, which demonstrated only small effects. Dentists with higher anxiety about learning and sociotechnical blindness are less likely to adopt AI, while concerns about job replacement and AI-configuration have less but still significant impact. Research limitations/implications These results contribute to the growing body of knowledge on technology adoption in oral healthcare and provide practical implications for technology developers, policymakers, and other stakeholders seeking to facilitate AI integration in dentistry. Originality/value This study provides novel insights into AI adoption in dentistry, offering guidance for future development and integration, and addressing a critical research gap in a growing field—particularly in Turkey, where implementation is still in its early stages.