Transforming pangasius catfish waste into innovative nano particles: Elevating fish gelatin from derivative to product enhancement

Fish gelatin, derived from processing by-products, has captured substantial attention due to its sustainability and exceptional attributes. This comprehensive review explores its multifaceted applications, with a special emphasis on the potential of Indonesian Pangasius catfish as a source, showcasing its superior properties and innovative pre-treatment techniques. However, the exploration of fish gelatin at the nano scale remains a largely uncharted territory. In general, interdisciplinary approaches and diverse synthesis methods, such as desolvation and electrospinning, have recently unveiled the vast potential of fish gelatin nanoparticles (NPs). These nanoparticles (NPs) serve as versatile carrier agents, biomaterials, and crucial components in antimicrobial packaging, drawing from various fish species. Furthermore, fish gelatin NPs have seamlessly integrated into nanocomposite (NC) films alongside substances like organic and inorganic NPs, promising significant strides in food safety and preservation strategies. Remarkably, fish gelatin NPs exhibit unique antimicrobial properties, positioning them as promising candidates for applications in both the food packaging industry and biomedicine. Moreover, the inclusion of NPs enhances mechanical performance, augmenting their suitability for a multitude of applications. This review highlights transforming and elevating of Pangasius catfish gelatin-based NPs, drawing inspiration from techniques applied to other fish species. It underscores the imperative need for systematic optimization encompassing gelatin extraction, synthesis, and characterization. Additionally, it addresses the formidable challenges and promising opportunities associated with unlocking the full industrial potential of gelatin-based NPs, thereby pointing towards a sustainable and innovative future in the field of materials science. Readers are cordially invited to embark on this promising avenue of research, where a world of possibilities awaits exploration and the promise of environmentally friendly innovation beckon.