液晶
扭转
挠曲电
材料科学
凝聚态物理
领域(数学)
光学
铁电性
双轴向列相
电介质
弹性能
变形(气象学)
物理
几何学
热力学
数学
光电子学
复合材料
纯数学
出处
期刊:Soft Matter
[The Royal Society of Chemistry]
日期:2023-01-01
卷期号:19 (15): 2675-2704
被引量:4
摘要
Novel modulated nematic phases, such as twist-bend nematics, splay-bend nematics and splay nematics, are an important subject of research in the field of liquid crystals. In this article fundamental information about the discovery, structure and properties of these phases is presented. Various theoretical models of elastic properties are compared, especially the proposed formulae for the free energy density of modulated nematic phases and the conditions for their stability. The emphasis is put on the variety of material parameters and variables in the mathematical description of the structures. The elastic models are classified according to a few criteria. Flexopolarisation is indicated as a main phenomenon responsible for the formation of modulated nematic phases. The elastic models are used for analysing the deformations of the twist-bend nematic structure in external fields. Dielectric, flexoelectric, ferroelectric and magnetic effects are considered. Two types of distortions are distinguished: microscopic (connected with the deformation of the director distribution) and macroscopic (related to the change of the optic axis direction). This review can be a starting point for further studies, for example computer simulations of modulated phases and design of liquid crystalline devices.
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