An Intramolecular Radical C-N Coupling by N-Iodosuccinimide

This manuscript presents a useful method for the formation of benzimidazole-fused phenanthridines through an intramolecular coupling of unactivated C(sp2)-H and N(sp3)-H bonds using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in trifluoroethanol (TFE). The synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridines from 2-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives describes as mild, efficient, and sustainable, with high yields and minimal waste generation. The control experiments and EPR studies aimed at rationalizing the radical pathway of the reaction. Specifically, the use of 1,1-diphenylethylene, TEMPO, BHT, and DMPO as a free-radical spin-trapping reagent in EPR studies, allowed us to conceive a radical pathway. The gram-scale synthesis further supported the practical utility of the methodology for the field of synthetic chemistry.