A perspective on low-temperature electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries

As an ideal candidate for the next generation of energy storage devices, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have received tremendous attention in recent years. However, the more extensive and harsh application environment puts forward higher requirements for the low-temperature SIBs, which is mainly limited by electrolyte-related sluggish ion transport at low temperature. This perspective focuses on the low-temperature electrolytes of SIBs, and provides the in-depth understanding of the failure reasons of organic and aqueous electrolytes in SIBs at low temperature. Then, the research progress in the low-temperature organic/aqueous electrolytes are comprehensively summarized and systematically analyzed. This review is conducted to enable the rational design of low-temperature electrolytes and further promote the development of all-climate SIB technology.