Impact of a robot and tangible object (R&T) integrated learning system on elementary EFL learners’ English pronunciation and willingness to communicate

Research on how the use of social robots helps improve English as Foreign Language (EFL) young learners' pronunciation and willingness to communicate (WTC) is understudied. This study developed a robot and tangible objects (R&T) learning system and examined its impact on elementary EFL learner's English pronunciation and WTC. The R&T system consists of a robot, a tablet, a cellphone, and sets of tangible objects that enable students to physically interact with the system. A total of 29 elementary students were engaged in location-specific tasks with the R&T system 40 min a day for five days. Data were collected through pronunciation tests, willingness to communicate questionnaires, and video recordings of students' interaction with the R&T system. Paired-samples t test showed students improved in both pronunciation and willingness to communicate after interacting with the R&T system. Video recordings found active engagement in the form of multiple tries and active help-seeking. Finally, a missed learning opportunity captured in the video data provided directions for future refinement in robot and task design.