RBM15, an m6A enzyme, suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rheumatoid arthritis through macrophage metabolism.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily marked by joint inflammation and systemic damage. This research explored the protective effects of the m6A-related gene RBM15 on RA both in vivo and in vitro, focusing on its impact on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We identified downregulation of RBM15 in synovial biopsy samples from RA patients through GSE77298 analysis. Real-time PCR confirmed that RBM15 expression was significantly reduced in RA patients compared to healthy controls (HC). Upon LPS stimulation, M1 markers (CXCL9 and CXCL10) were enhanced, and M2 markers (ARG1 and MRC1) were suppressed, but RBM15 overexpression reversed these effects. Additionally, RBM15 overexpression reversed the increase in glycolysis induced by LPS stimulation in macrophages. Knockdown of RBM15 significantly promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation, but this was reversed by the glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG. Finally, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were injected with RBM15-adenovirus (RBM15-Ad) or control adenovirus (Con-Ad). RBM15 overexpression reduced RA symptoms, pathological damage, and inflammatory responses in CIA mice. Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome activation was suppressed in the RBM15-Ad group. The m6A enzyme RBM15 mitigates RA damage by reducing macrophage glycolysis and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.