Advances in the management of obesity and heart failure: latest evidence from clinical trials

Purpose of review Obesity is an important risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In patients who already have HFpEF, obesity contributes to high symptom burden and increased risk for heart failure (HF) hospitalization. This review examines the latest clinical trials assessing the efficacy of pharmacological interventions in the treatment of obesity-related HFpEF. Recent findings Recent results from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) suggest that incretin-based therapies, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) (e.g., semaglutide) and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 RAs (e.g., tirzepatide), can improve quality of life, exercise tolerance, and markers of HF severity while promoting weight loss in patients with obesity and HFpEF. Some evidence also suggests that these therapies may reduce risk for HF hospitalizations. Additionally, exploratory analyses of the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone has been associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality and total worsening HF events across all body mass index (BMI) levels, with greater benefits observed in patients with higher BMIs. Summary Antiobesity medications such as semaglutide and tirzepatide may represent important treatment options for patients with obesity-related HFpEF. Additional evidence suggests that certain other HF medications may have increased efficacy in patients with obesity.