The Positive Effect of Akkermansia muciniphila postbiotics on the Glycolipid Metabolism of Caenorhabditis elegans Induced by High-Glucose Diet

Background: Glycolipid metabolism is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. As a new postbiotic, pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila (P-AKK) is important for the regulation of immunity and metabolism. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of P-AKK on glycolipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans fed a high glucose diet. Results: We discovered that feeding nematodes P-AKK improved their healthy lifespan when fed a high-glucose diet. Furthermore, P-AKK contributes to reducing the accumulation of glucose, advanced glycation end products, and lipids and maintains a better physiological state. In addition, P-AKK improved the composition of free fatty acids and decreased the total free fatty acid content of C. elegans. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that P-AKK induced significant enrichment of carbohydrate, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid metabolism pathways. These significantly enriched biological processes were closely related to glucose and lipid metabolism. Among them, P-AKK activated the β-oxidation of fatty acids while inhibiting the de novo synthesis of fatty acids to regulate fatty acid metabolism. Conclusions: The administration of P-AKK positively affected the body phenotypes of C. elegans under high glucose conditions. P-AKK mitigated the fat accumulation induced by a high-glucose diet by regulating key metabolic enzymes, including acyl-CoA synthetase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase.