Development and application of electrospun fiber-based multifunctional sensors

Nanofibers prepared by electrospinning have developed into a mature and effective method for sensor preparation due to the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, and controllable structure. Despite the abundance of research on electrospun fiber-based sensors in recent years, there remains a notable gap in the literature concerning the comprehensive electrospun fiber preparation process, unimodal sensor applications, and the design and fabrication of multifunctional sensors. This article systematically reviews the progress of electrospinning in multifunctional sensing, exploring various facets of this technology. Starting from the development history of electrospinning, technical principles, material selection, and influence parameters are introduced. The latest research advances in electrospinning on pressure sensing, strain sensing, temperature and humidity sensing, and gas sensing are presented in detail around the performance parameters of high-performance sensors. Importantly, this paper reviews the latest progress in structural design, fabrication methods, and performance optimization. Then, this paper summarizes current technical challenges and offers insights into future research trends in electrospun sensors. This comprehensive review aims to provide practical and theoretical references for the design and fabrication of high-performance fiber-based multifunctional sensors.