Recent optical sensing technologies for the detection of various biomolecules: Review

Various optical sensing techniques to develop different biosensors for detection of biomolecules are summarized here. The identification of biomolecules has led to the major aspect of disease diagnosis. Some critical diseases like cancer can be identified with an increased level of protein markers like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a well-known cancer marker. Moreover, viruses and bacterial cells are known to be the major causes of disease which can also be detected with the help of proteins present on their surface. Additionally, a rise in cholesterol levels can cause several diseases like arteriosclerosis. hypertension etc. Thus, in this paper, recent developed optical techniques-based sensors for the detection of different biomolecules (such as proteins, nucleic acid, glucose, DNA, cholesterol, uric acid, amino acids, and dopamine) and microorganisms have been discussed. Various possibilities to develop diverse high sensitive and selective optical sensors to detect the different biomolecules and microorganisms have been also studied.