The Protective Effects of Osteocyte‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Against Alzheimer's Disease Diminished with Aging

Abstract Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis (OP) are common age‐associated degenerative diseases and are strongly correlated with clinical epidemiology. However, there is a lack of clear pathological relationship between the brain and bone in the current understanding. Here, it is found that young osteocyte, the most abundant cells in bone, secretes extracellular vesicles (OCY Young ‐EVs) to ameliorate cognitive impairment and the pathogenesis of AD in APP/PS1 mice and model cells. These benefits of OCY Young ‐EVs are diminished in aged osteocyte‐derived EVs (OCY Aged ‐EVs). Based on the self‐constructed OCY‐EVs tracer transgenic mouse models and the in vivo fluorescent imaging system, OCY‐EVs have been observed to be transported to the brain under physiological and pathological conditions. In the hippocampal administration of A β 40 induced young AD model mice, the intramedullary injection of Rab27a ‐shRNA adenovirus inhibits OCY Young ‐EVs secretion from bone and aggravates cognitive impairment. Proteomic quantitative analysis reveals that OCY Young ‐EVs, compared to OCY Aged ‐EVs, enrich multiple protective factors of AD pathway. The study uncovers the role of OCY‐EV as a regulator of brain health, suggesting a novel mechanism in bone‐brain communication.