Correlation between conjunctival and corneal calcification and cardiovascular calcification in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of conjunctival and corneal calcification ( CCC ) with cardiovascular calcification in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis ( MHD ). A total of 122 patients undergoing MHD in our hospital were included in this study. Conjunctival and corneal calcification was examined by slit lamp and graded. Abdominal aortic calcification ( AAC ), aortic valve calcification ( AVC ), and mitral valve calcification ( MVC ) were determined by X ‐ray or ultrasound. The correlation of CCC with AAC , AVC , and MVC was analyzed. Biochemical, hematological, and cardiovascular data were compared between patients with different severity of CCC or AAC . Mitral valve calcification was significantly associated with AAC in our patients. Conjunctival and corneal calcification positively correlated with AAC . We also found that patients with severe CCC exhibited significantly higher levels of serum calcium, phosphate, product of calcium and phosphate, serum copper, cystatin, intact parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D than patients with mild CCC . In addition to significantly increased levels of serum calcium, product of calcium and phosphate, serum copper, and cystatin, patients with severe AAC also had higher high‐sensitivity C ‐reactive protein level and greater left ventricular posterior wall thickness and left ventricular end‐diastolic interventricular septum thickness than patients with mild AAC . Our results suggest that patients undergoing MHD with severe CCC or AAC have high degree of mineral metabolism disorder, inflammation, and cardiovascular function disorder. The strong correlation between CCC and AAC indicates that CCC score might be used as an indirect indicator to predict cardiovascular risks in patients undergoing MHD .