Ratiometric Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probes for Quantitative Monitoring of Mitochondrial pH Dynamics in Drosophila Melanogaster and HeLa Cells during Metformin Treatment

Starvation Hypoxia Oxidative stressFly larvaeHighlights• Two ratiometric fluorescent probes, AH⁺ and BH⁺, were synthesized from IR-780 iodide, incorporating imidazole, hydroxy-xanthene, and hemicyanine groups for selective mitochondrial targeting.• The probes operate...