Characterizing the dual burden of stigma in people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and HIV co-infection in South Africa: A mixed methods, prospective cohort study

Among MDR/RR-TB and PLWH in South Africa, MDR/RR-TB-related stigma exceeded HIV-related stigma and external stigma was associated with increased mortality. Strategic efforts to address stigma, particularly for key and vulnerable populations, is critical to advancing human rights and improving treatment outcomes.