Occurrence and incidence of 18 per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in edible oils commonly consumed in Guiyang, China

A systematic examination was conducted for the first time of a wide carbon-chain range of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFASs) in 83 samples of edible vegetable and animal oils from Guiyang, China. The occurrence and levels of 18 PFASs in seven types of edible oil were analysed. Analytes were determined based on a simplified, sensitive and reliable solvent extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Ten target PFASs were found and the most frequently detected compounds with maximum concentration were PFOS (88%, 1.93 ng g-1), PFNA (55.4%; 6.76 ng g-1), PFHxS (39.8%; 0.36 ng g-1), and PFOA (16.9%; 0.15 ng g-1), respectively. The total PFASs concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 6.76 ng g-1, with a mean of 0.94 ng g-1. Significant differences of occurrence between vegetable oils and animal oils were demonstrated based on comparative analysis of the existing data. The investigation results showed that the effect of production reductions of PFOS and PFOA by regulatory was also reflected in edible oils. The dietary intakes of PFOS and PFOA for adults were estimated, which were lower than the available tolerable daily intake (TDI). Because of the global lack of food regulatory thresholds for most per- or polyfluoroalkyl compounds, it was difficult to draw any conclusion at this stage as to how human health is affected through exposure to these compounds. The baseline information of this study will assist in guiding the direction for future investigations and monitoring studies on occurrence, fate and human health-effect research of PFASs.