A hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment for a variety of hematologic malignancies. However, the success of this treatment modality has been limited by donor availability, morbidity associated with transplantation, and disease relapse post-transplant. The challenges moving forward are improving treatment-related complications, extending this form of treatment to all patients in need including those who do not have a matched donor, and prevent disease relapse post-transplant.