Carbon-based materials for bipolar plates for low-temperatures PEM fuel cells — A review

The PEMFC (Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) is one of the most researched generators in hydrogen technology. The PEMFCs offer low emissions, several applications in industry with high power density. The basic material for the construction of components in low-temperature fuel cells is carbon or its allotropic forms and carbon nanomaterials. Carbon materials are used to build diffusion layers of electrodes, as catalyst carriers, for the construction of covers/interconnectors and as fuel. In this work, the carbon materials used to build a single cell have been reviewed taking into account various methods of fabrication and modification of materials.