Home‐based exercise programs in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and META‐analysis

Abstract Background Intradialysis exercise programs in renal patients result in improved functional capacity, muscle strength, symptoms of depression, and health‐related quality of life. Home‐based exercise programs are an alternative to overcome logistical and human resource problems. However, the implementation of these programs is not an easy task and there is a lack of knowledge regarding the benefits associated with home‐based exercise programs. Aim To determine whether home‐based exercise programs improve functional capacity, health‐related quality of life, muscle strength, and symptoms of depression among patients with stage III–V chronic kidney disease. Methods A systematic review and meta‐analyses following PRISMA guidelines were utilized. Relevant articles were collected and independently assessed for their inclusion eligibility. Effects of home‐based exercise were summarized by the standardized mean differences and represented by forest plots (Review Manager 5.4). Results Eight studies were included, none of which reported any adverse effects. The intervention was usually aerobic, 76% of these programs lasted 3–6 months, and exercise adherence was 60–87.5%. Four studies measured health‐related quality of life and found significant improvements in several subscales. Regarding functional capacity, five studies used the six‐minute walking test (44.9 meters; 95% CI [30.45, 59.30]; p ≤ .001), three studies used the sit‐to‐stand‐to‐sit test (−0.45 seconds; 95% CI [−0.46, −0.26]; p ≤ .001), and two studies used the timed up‐and‐go test (−0.76 seconds; 95% CI [−1.38, −0.15]; p ≤ .001) and the handgrip strength test (1.16 kg; 95% CI [−2.88, 5.20]; p ≤ .001). LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Home‐based exercise programs are beneficial to renal patients. These interventions are safe and effective to improve health‐related quality of life and functional capacity and reduce symptoms of depression among patients with chronic kidney disease.